Background 1978 South Lebanon conflict

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though took form of israeli military incursion southern lebanon, operation litani grounded in long-running israeli–palestinian conflict. 1968 on, plo, popular front liberation of palestine, , other palestinian groups established quasi-state in southern lebanon, using base raids on civilian targets in northern israel, worldwide terror attacks on israeli , other targets. exacerbated influx of 3,000 plo militants fleeing defeat in jordanian civil war , regrouping in southern lebanon. israel responded damaging attacks against plo bases.


during israeli raids 1968 1977, of palestinian towns , camps in area totally leveled. according estimations, october 1977 300,000 refugees, shiite muslims, fled south lebanon. plo-israeli conflict increased political tensions between maronite christians , druze on 1 hand , muslims on other, adding factors behind 1975–1990 lebanese civil war.


in november 1977, israel initiated exchange of fire led death of several people both sides of border , israeli bombing of targets in south lebanon during 70 people, lebanese, killed.


on march 11, 1978, 11 fatah members led 18-year-old female dalal mughrabi travelled lebanon , killed american tourist on beach. hijacked bus on coastal road near haifa, , en route tel aviv commandeered second bus. after lengthy chase , shootout, 38 israeli civilians, including 13 children, killed , 76 wounded. massacre proximate cause of israeli invasion 3 days later.








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