Formation and composition Pacific Ocean Areas (command)

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03 1905 apr 1942 message cominch (commander-in-chief, united states fleet, king) cincpac (commander-in-chief, pacific fleet, nimitz) designating nimitz commander-in-chief pacific ocean area (first of 4 part message).


on 24 march 1942, newly formed british , combined chiefs of staff issued directive designating pacific theater area of american strategic responsibility. on 30 march joint chiefs of staff (jcs) divided pacific theater 3 areas: pacific ocean areas (poa), south west pacific area (swpa), , southeast pacific area. details , transition, including whether nimitz appointed or nominated commander of south pacific area, worked out between 3 april , formal assumption of overall commander-in-chief pacific ocean areas nimitz on 8 may 1942.


the jcs designated admiral chester w. nimitz commander in chief, pacific ocean areas (cincpoa), operational control on units (air, land, , sea) in area. theater included of pacific ocean , islands, mainland asia excluded poa, philippines, australia, netherlands east indies, territory of new guinea (including bismarck archipelago) , western part of solomon islands. strategic bomber forces in theatre under direct control of joint chiefs of staff. land forces in alaska , canada remained under control of army s western defense command (see aleutian islands campaign).


the joint chiefs further divided pacific ocean areas north, central , south pacific areas. nimitz designated subordinate commanders north , south pacific areas (norpac , sopac) retained central pacific area (cenpac), including hawaiian department, under direct command.


from 1942-1943, 3 army infantry divisions (23rd/ americal , 25th, 27th) , 2 marine divisions (1st, 2nd) fought in poa (the 1st , 3rd marine divisions fought in swpa in 1943). 1944-1945, 5 army infantry divisions (7th, 27th, 77th, 81st, 96th) , 6 marine divisions (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th) served in poa (an additional 15 army divisions fought in swpa during time). among allied land force formations 3rd new zealand division, fought in solomon islands campaign during 1943-44.


u.s. army air forces (usaaf) operated in poa under seventh, thirteenth, , twentieth air forces @ various times. allied air forces included units of royal new zealand air force.


in separate south west pacific area, general douglas macarthur assumed command. effective result of organizational scheme creation of 2 separate commands in pacific: poa , swpa, each reporting separately joint chiefs, each competing scarce resources in economy-of-force theater, , each headed commander in chief (cinc) different service. in particular, division of solomons caused problems, since battles of solomon islands campaign in 1942–1943 ranged on whole region, main japanese bases in swpa , main allied bases in sopac.








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