History Artuqids

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city walls of diyarbakır.


the dynasty founded artuk bey, son of eksük, general under malik shah , under seljuq emir of damascus, tutush i. tutush appointed artuq governor of jerusalem in 1086. artuq died in 1091, , sons sökmen , ilghazi expelled jerusalem fatimid vizier al-afdal shahanshah in 1098; fatimids lost city crusaders following year.


sokman , ilghazi set in diyarbakır, mardin, , hasankeyf in jezirah, came conflict sultanate of great seljuq. sokman, bey of mardin, defeated crusaders @ battle of harran in 1104. ilghazi succeeded sokman in mardin , imposed control on aleppo @ request of qadi ibn al-khashshab in 1118. in 1119 ilgazi defeated crusader principality of antioch @ battle of ager sanguinis.


in 1121 seljuq-artuqid alliance, commanded mehmed of great seljuq , ilghazi, defeated kingdom of georgia @ battle of didgori. ilghazi died in 1122, , although nephew balak nominally controlled aleppo, city controlled ibn al-khashshab. al-kashshab assassinated in 1125, , aleppo fell under control of zengi of mosul. after death of balak, artuqids split between harput, hasankeyf , mardin. sokman s son davud, bey of hasankeyf, died in 1144, , succeeded son kara aslan. kara aslan allied joscelin ii of edessa against zengids, , while joscelin away in 1144, zengi recaptured edessa, first of crusader states fall (see siege of edessa). hasankeyf became vassal of zengi well.


kara aslan s son nur ad-din muhammad allied ayyubid sultan saladin against sultan of rum kilij arslan ii, daughter had married nur ad-din muhammad. in peace settlement kilij arslan, saladin gained control of artuqid territory, though artuqids still technically vassals of mosul, saladin did not yet control. artuqid support, however, saladin took control of mosul well.


the artuklu dynasty remained in nominal command of upper mesopotamia, power declined under ayyubid rule. hasankeyf branch conquered diyarbakır in 1198 , center moved here, demolished ayyubids in 1231 when attempted form alliance seljuqs. harput branch destroyed sultanate of rum due following slippery policy between ayyubids , seljuqs. mardin branch survived longer, vassal of ayyubids, sultanate of rum, il-khanate , timurids. karakoyunlu captured mardin , put end artuklu rule in 1409.







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