Nouns West Frisian grammar

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1 nouns

1.1 gender
1.2 number
1.3 case





nouns
gender

in west frisian, nouns have 2 genders: common gender (into former masculine , feminine gender merged) , neuter gender. in modern language, nouns have no morphological modifiers of gender, exposed when noun preceded article or modifier: de taal (the language) ~ lân (the land).


number

west frisian nouns have 2 numbers: singular , plural. there 2 major suffixes used form plural: -(e)n , -s . suffix -s appended plural nouns end (in singular) -el , -em , -en , -er , -ert , -ier , -mer , -ter , -ster , -sje . can appear after diminutive suffixes -je , -ke or @ end of borrowed word.


wurd - wurden, boarne - boarnen, doar - doarren, see - seeën


hoekje - hoekjes, skrapke - skrapkes, provinsje - provinsjes


a few nouns have irregular plural forms:


bern (child) - bern, skiep (sheep) - skiep, ko (cow) - kij, skoech (shoe) - skuon, beest (beast) - bisten, dei (day) - dagen, wei (way) - wegen, lid (member) - leden, reed (skate) - redens, lears (boot) - learzen, âlder (parent, elder) - âlden, man (man) - mânlju, frou (woman) - froulju.


case

the initial system of 4 grammatical cases (nominative, genitive, dative , accusative) has not survived in modern frisian. remainder of old declension system genitive case, may still used in written frisian. possessive form, rather true genitive, used instead.


the genitive form may -(e) or -(e)s .


the ending -(e) ( -e or zero) used monosyllabic nouns ending consonant or vowel -e . also, may used kinship terms , plural nouns, in idiomatic, fixed expressions: ruerde mêm (ruerd s mom), memme mûs (mom s mouse), fammene pronkjen (the girls talk).


in other cases, -(e)s ending used: har mans bern (her man s child(ren)), fryslâns wâlden (friesland s forests).


in spoken language, genitive forms rare , replaced analytical constructions preposition fan (of) or possessive pronoun: de heit fan anneke (anneke s father), anneke har heit (-//-, lit. anneke father).







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