History Itter Castle

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entrance, july 1979


a fortress @ site first mentioned in 1241 deed, previous constructions may have existed since 10th century. brixental possession of prince-bishops of regensburg; castle administrative seat of counts of ortenburg in capacity vogt bailiffs, served protect regensburg estates incursions undertaken neighbouring archbishops of salzburg. nevertheless, brixental acquired salzburg in 1312 , in 1380 regensburg bishops sold itter archbishop pilgrim ii of salzburg.


within burgfrieden jurisdiction of itter, feuds , breach of public peace banned, nevertheless castle devastated during german peasants war in 1526. in 17th century, seat of local administration moved hopfgarten, whereafter premises decayed. brixental belonged salzburg until fell newly established kingdom of bavaria in 1805; bavarian government left castle ruin itter citizens used quarry. upon final act of vienna congress valley became part of austrian crown land of tyrol in 1816.


the present-day building erected on foundations of former 1 1878 onwards. itter castle purchased residence in 1884 sophie menter, pianist, composer , student of franz liszt. liszt himself young arthur rubinstein stayed @ castle, pyotr ilyich tchaikovsky orchestrated 1 of compositions during visit in 1892. menter sold itter castle in 1902, again extensively remodeled in present tudor revival style later owners.


world war ii

itter castle seen southeast, 1979


after 1938 anschluss annexation of austria nazi germany, reich government officially leased castle in late 1940 owner, franz grüner. itter castle seized grüner ss lieutenant general oswald pohl under orders of heinrich himmler on february 7, 1943, , transformed prison april 25, 1943. established incarcerate prominent french prisoners valuable reich, facility placed subcamp under administration of dachau concentration camp.


notable prisoners included: former prime ministers Édouard daladier , paul reynaud; generals maurice gamelin , former commander-in-chief maxime weygand, had been prominent during phoney war; former tennis champion jean borotra, later general commissioner of sports in vichy regime; right-wing leader françois de la rocque, leader of right-wing croix de feu movement; trade union leader léon jouhaux; andré françois-poncet, politician , diplomat; , michel clemenceau, politician , son of georges clemenceau. former republic president albert lebrun held @ itter 3 months in 1943, before being sent france health reasons; marie-agnès de gaulle, resistance member , sister of general charles de gaulle, interned in castle @ end of war, in april 1945.


besides french vip prisoners, castle held number of eastern european prisoners detached dachau, used maintenance , other menial work.


battle castle itter

on afternoon of may 4, 1945 prison s commander fled. shortly after ss-totenkopfverbände guards followed, prisoners arming , awaiting rescue anticipated attack waffen ss troops still aggressively resisting surrender. 2 sherman tanks of 23rd tank battalion of u.s. 12th armored division under command of capt. john c. ‘jack’ lee, jr., , anti-nazi elements of wehrmacht under command of major josef ‘sepp’ gangl, arrived. 3 groups repelled probes ss reconnaissance elements throughout night. battle continued through morning of 5 may, strong force of 100–150 ss pressing attack until reinforcements american 142nd infantry regiment arrived around 4 pm day.








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