Early modern history History of the Caucasus

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map of caucasus in 1490


by end of 15th century, kingdom of georgia fragmented number of petty client kingdoms subject either persia (kingdom of kakheti, kingdom of kartli) or ottomans (kingdom of imereti).


the nascent russian empire gained territories in north caucasus in russo-persian war of 1722/3. following death of nader shah, kartli , kakheti merged kingdom of kartli-kakheti in 1762, seceding persian overlordship. king erekle ii concluded treaty of georgievsk russian empire. catherine great used georgia base of operations against both iran , ottoman empire. qajar dynasty attempted restore persian hegemony on caucasus. persian invasion force defeated georgian army in battle of krtsanisi in 1795, lost grip on caucasus once again, after assassination of agha mohammad khan in 1797, leading russian annexation of georgia in 1801.


while georgia , armenia remained christian, chechens gradually adopted sunni islam. circassians islamized under influence of crimean tatars , ottoman empire in 17th century.

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