Relationship to people Nymphalis antiopa

1 relationship people

1.1 pests
1.2 research
1.3 conservation

relationship people
pests

mourning cloak butterflies can pests. experiments have shown mourning cloak larvae defoliate ornamental trees, trees in nurseries, plantations, , parks. areas damage has been documented has been oregon , canada. immature willow , poplar damaged due larvae, though forest trees tend not affected.

research

mourning cloak butterflies have been part of epigenetics experiments testing determine if environment affects butterfly phenotypic characteristics. scientists hypothesized traumatic heat or cold shocks during critical period of development can cause profound changes . first experiments occurred in 1890s. mourning cloaks temperature shocked @ specific times in development, led differences in pupae color. later learned color change due hormonal changes in response varying temperatures.

conservation

mourning cloak butterflies protected law in switzerland , austria, though have increasing trend regarding population density in finland. assume safe status in czech republic. in general, mourning cloak butterflies find areas have experienced fuel breaks more inviting, presumably because fuel breaks increase amount of open space , clearings available butterflies, more ideal habitat these butterflies live in.